Year \Year\, n. [OE. yer, yeer, [yogh]er, AS. ge['a]r; akin to
OFries. i?r, g?r, D. jaar, OHG. j[=a]r, G. jahr, Icel. [=a]r,
Dan. aar, Sw. [*a]r, Goth. j?r, Gr. ? a season of the year,
springtime, a part of the day, an hour, ? a year, Zend
y[=a]re year. [root]4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.]
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1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the
ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its
revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year;
also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this,
adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and
called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354
days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360
days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days,
and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of
366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on
account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile).
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Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. --Chaucer.
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Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly
commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued
throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.
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2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about
the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.
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3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man in years. --Shak.
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Anomalistic year, the time of the earth's revolution from
perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6
hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds.
A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased
person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A
month's mind, under Month.
Bissextile year. See Bissextile.
Canicular year. See under Canicular.
Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the
computation of time.
Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354
days.
Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from
leap year.
Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of
13 lunar months, or 384 days.
Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are
reckoned, or the year between one annual time of
settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another.
Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic.
Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and
Julian.
Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary.
Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical
months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.
Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar.
Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above.
Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and
Sabbatical.
Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from
any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6
hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds.
Tropical year. See under Tropical.
Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an
act or an event, in order that an entire year might be
secured beyond all question. --Abbott.
Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini;
A. D. or a. d.
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Civil \Civ"il\, a. [L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil.
See City.]
1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his
relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within
the city or state.
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2. Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not
barbarous; -- said of the community.
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England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but
even the other day since England grew civil.
--Spenser.
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3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to
government; -- said of an individual.
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Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others;
they come within a step or two of heaven. --Preston
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4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed
to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous;
complaisant; affable.
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Note: "A civil man now is one observant of slight external
courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and
man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the
duties and obligations flowing from his position as a
'civis' and his relations to the other members of that
'civitas.'" --Trench
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5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from
military, ecclesiastical, or official state.
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6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit
distinct from criminal proceedings.
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Civil action, an action to enforce the rights or redress
the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal
proceeding.
Civil architecture, the architecture which is employed in
constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in
distinction from military and naval architecture, as
private houses, palaces, churches, etc.
Civil death. (Law.) See under Death.
Civil engineering. See under Engineering.
Civil law. See under Law.
Civil list. See under List.
Civil remedy (Law), that given to a person injured, by
action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution.
Civil service, all service rendered to and paid for by the
state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or
military affairs.
Civil service reform, the substitution of business
principles and methods for the spoils system in the
conduct of the civil service, esp. in the matter of
appointments to office.
Civil state, the whole body of the laity or citizens not
included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical
states.
Civil suit. Same as Civil action.
Civil war. See under War.
Civil year. See under Year.
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